Grade 2 Titanium Tube (UNS R50400 / Werkstoff WS 3.7034)
Grade 2 Titanium tubes are the epitome of industrial excellence, striking a perfect harmony between moderate strength and exceptional ductility. Renowned for their superior corrosion resistance, these tubes excel in both highly oxidizing and mildly reducing environments, including chloride-rich conditions. Their unparalleled corrosion protection makes them indispensable in the chemical and offshore industries, as well as in the manufacture of aircraft where both strength and formability are paramount. Their applications extend to heat exchangers, hypochlorite systems, fire water systems, ballast water systems, industrial and aerospace components, CPI equipment, and pipes. Truly, these tubes set the benchmark for versatility and reliability.
Fabrication
Titanium Grade 2 is highly responsive to cold forming using standard methods, offering ease of machining with a caveat: maintaining sharp tools and liberal coolant usage is crucial. Similar to machining austenitic stainless steels, deep and continuous cuts with slow feeds and speeds yield the best results. This precision ensures the structural integrity and reliability of the final product.
Stock Availability
Daxun Alloys maintains an extensive inventory of CP 2 Grade Titanium Seamless and Welded Pipes, available in a variety of sizes to meet diverse needs.
Weight Reduction
With an impressive low density and a high strength-to-weight ratio, CP 2 grade titanium tubes are ideal for applications requiring weight reduction without compromising strength. These tubes boast excellent cold formability and ductility, and can be efficiently welded using conventional TIG and MIG processes. Inert gas shielding is essential to prevent embrittlement in the weld zone, ensuring the longevity and reliability of the joints.
Crystal Structure
At ambient temperatures, ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium tubes exhibit an alpha (hexagonal close-packed) crystal structure, akin to commercially pure titanium grades 1 and 3. Upon reaching approximately 885°C (1625°F), this structure transforms into a beta (body-centered cubic) configuration. This transformation temperature can be adjusted by varying impurity levels or alloying additions, creating distinct alpha and beta transformation zones. Typical transformation temperatures for grade 2 titanium are 890°C (1635°F) for the alpha phase and 913°C (1675°F) for the beta phase, ensuring remarkable material versatility.
Grade 2 Titanium Seamless Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium seamless tubes are crafted through an intricate process beginning with hot extrusion or oblique rolling and piercing, followed by multiple stages of cold rolling. Each tube maintains continuous perimeters throughout manufacturing. The comprehensive production process includes: vacuum arc melting of sponge titanium, ingot blanking to create hollow blanks, cleaning, cutting, feeding, hot extrusion or oblique rolling plus piercing, degreasing, drying, cutting, online annealing, straightening, pickling, multiple cold rolling, degreasing, drying, vacuum annealing, straightening, cutting, pickling, final inspection, marking (DAXUN), and packaging. This meticulous process ensures the highest quality and consistency.
Grade 2 Titanium Welded Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium welded pipes are produced from annealed flat-rolled steel plate or strip, employing an advanced automatic arc welding (TIG) process. The detailed production stages encompass: titanium plate uncoiling, shearing, butt welding, cleaning, pipe forming, TIG welding, eddy current testing, pre-sizing, annealing, precision reducing and sizing, straightening, eddy current testing, caliper marking, cutting, ultrasonic testing, hydrostatic testing, final inspection, and packaging. Welded pipes undergo at least one stress relief heat treatment post-forming and welding. Daxun ensures no filler materials are used during the welding process, preserving the purity and integrity of the material.
Grade 2 Titanium Tube (UNS R50400 / Werkstoff WS 3.7034) This premier titanium tube is the industry standard for a multitude of applications, offering an exceptional mix of moderate strength and impressive ductility. It boasts unparalleled corrosion resistance in both highly oxidizing and mildly reducing environments, including chlorides. Its superior anti-corrosion properties make it indispensable in the chemical and offshore sectors, as well as in aircraft manufacturing, where strength and formability are paramount. This versatile tube is also essential in heat exchangers, hypochlorite systems, fire water systems, ballast water systems, industrial and aerospace components, CPI equipment, and piping solutions.
Fabrication
Titanium Grade 2 is highly amenable to cold forming using conventional techniques. It is easily machinable, although it requires meticulous attention to maintaining sharp tools and generous coolant application. Similar to machining austenitic stainless steels, machining should involve deep, continuous cuts with slow feeds and speeds to ensure precision and efficiency.
Stock Availability
Daxun Alloys maintains an extensive inventory of CP 2 Grade Titanium Seamless and Welded Pipes, available in a wide range of sizes to meet diverse operational needs.
Weight Reduction
CP 2 grade titanium tubes are characterized by their low density and remarkable strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal for applications demanding weight reduction without compromising strength. These tubes are cold-formable, exhibit excellent ductility, and can be welded using standard TIG and MIG processes, albeit with the necessity of inert gas shielding to prevent weld zone embrittlement.
Crystal Structure
At ambient temperature, ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium tube features an alpha (hexagonal close-packed) crystal structure, akin to commercially pure titanium grades 1 and 3. Upon reaching approximately 885°C [1625°F], it transitions to a beta (body-centered cubic) structure. This transformation temperature is modifiable based on impurity levels or alloying additions. Alloying elements can alter the single equilibrium transformation temperature into two zones: the alpha zone, below which the alloy is entirely alpha-phase, and the beta zone, above which it is entirely beta-phase. In the intermediate temperature range, both alpha and beta phases coexist. The typical transformation temperatures for Grade 2 titanium are 890°C (1635°F) for alpha and 913°C (1675°F) for beta.
Grade 2 Titanium Seamless Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium seamless tubes are manufactured from hollow blanks through hot extrusion or oblique rolling and piercing, followed by multiple cold-rolling stages. The seamless tubes maintain continuous perimeters throughout the manufacturing process. The production sequence includes: initial creation of hollow blanks from sponge titanium via vacuum arc melting, followed by cleaning, cutting, hot extrusion or oblique rolling and piercing, degreasing, drying, cutting, online annealing, straightening, pickling, multiple cold rolling, degreasing, drying, vacuum annealing, straightening, cutting, pickling, final inspection, marking (DAXUN), and packaging.
Grade 2 Titanium Welded Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium welded pipes are crafted from annealed flat-rolled steel plate or strip using an automatic arc welding (TIG) method. The process encompasses: titanium plate uncoiling, shearing, butt welding, cleaning, pipe forming, TIG welding, eddy current testing, pre-sizing, annealing, precision reducing and sizing, straightening, eddy current testing, caliper marking, cutting, ultrasonic testing, hydrostatic testing, final inspection, and packaging. Post-forming and welding, the pipes undergo at least one stress relief heat treatment. No filler materials are used during Daxun's welding process.
Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Pipe - Grade 5 Titanium TubeTitanium Alloy - (UNS R56400)
Introduction
DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, Grade 5 (UNS R56400) stands as the premium choice among titanium alloys. This duplex alpha+beta alloy integrates aluminum as the alpha stabilizer and vanadium as the beta stabilizer, providing remarkable strength and performance even at temperatures as low as 800°F (427°C). The versatile ATI Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5 alloy undergoes processes like annealing, solution treating, and aging, making it indispensable for high-demand applications. It finds use in compressor blades, disks, and rings for jet engines; fuselage and space capsule components; pressure vessels; *** cases; helicopter rotor hubs; fasteners; and critical forgings, all benefiting from its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio.
The initial alloy melting employs advanced techniques such as vacuum arc (VAR), electron beam (EB), or plasma arc hearth melting (PAM). The remelting process often involves one or two steps of vacuum arc melting to ensure optimal alloy properties.
Specifications
• ASTE B338 - Standard Heat Treatable Titanium Tube
• AMS 4928 - Forgings and Forging Stock (Annealed)
• AMS 4965 - Forgings (Solution Treated and Aged)
• AMS 4967 - Forgings (Annealed, Heat Treatable)
Physical PropertiesTi-6Al-4V Titanium Tube Melting Range: 2,800-3,000°F (1,538 - 1,649°C)
Density: 0.160 lb/in³; 4.47 g/cm³
Beta Transus Temperature: 1830°F (± 25°); 999°C (± 14°)
Heat Treatment Annealing at 1,700-1,900°F (927 - 1,038°C) is essential when demanding high hardness, tensile, and fatigue strength.
DAXUN 6-4 Grade 5 Titanium Tube thrives under various heat treatment methods.
1. Annealing: 1,275 -1,400°F; (691 - 760°C) for ½ to 2 hours, followed by air or furnace cooling.
2. Stress Relief Annealing: Conducted at 1,000 -1,200°F; (538 - 649°C) for 1 to 8 hours, with subsequent air or furnace cooling.
3. Solution Heat Treating: Performed at 1,675 -1,750°F; (913 - 954°C) for 1 hour, then water quenched.
4. Aging: Executed at 975 -1,025°F; (524 - 552°C) for 4 to 8 hours, followed by air cooling.
Optimum Properties Small cross-sections with rapid quenching achieve the best properties in the solution treated and aged condition. Larger cross-sections or delayed quenching might result in suboptimal characteristics.
HardnessIn the annealed state, typical hardness measures Rockwell C 30-34, while the solution treated and aged condition achieves approximately Rockwell C 35-39.
Forgeability/Formability DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, Grade 5 alloys are forged at 1,750°F (954°C) with the final forging temperature at 1,450°F (788°C). For optimal outcomes, a reduction of at least 35% during forging is recommended.
Forming at room temperature, even when annealed, presents challenges due to the material's inherent strength. Therefore, severe forming processes like bending or stretching are more effective when performed on annealed material at temperatures up to 1,200°F (649°C) without compromising mechanical properties. Creep forming is also applicable for hot sizing or forming between 1,000 to 1,200°F (538 to 649°C).
Machinability The DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, known for its Grade 5 Titanium, is adeptly machined using methods typically reserved for austenitic stainless steels. Employ techniques involving slow speeds, high feeds, and ensure robust tool rigidity. Generously apply non-chlorinated cutting fluids to achieve optimal results.
Weldability The DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, Grade 5 Titanium, showcases excellent weldability whether in annealed or solution and partially aged states. The material remains highly adaptable for welding in various conditions, followed by aging for enhanced durability.
After welding, aging is conducted during post-weld heat treatment. It is crucial to prevent contamination from oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Fusion welding should occur in an inert gas-filled chamber or with an inert gas tail shield protecting the molten metal and adjacent hot areas. Techniques like spot welding, seam welding, and flash welding can be performed effectively without a protective atmosphere.
Special Considerations The DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, Grade 5 Titanium, is susceptible to hydrogen contamination from improper pickling and absorption of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon during processes such as forging, heat treating, and brazing. This contamination can significantly reduce ductility and impair both notch sensitivity and formability.
