Grade 2 Titanium Tube (UNS R50400 / Werkstoff WS 3.7034)
This is the most widely utilized titanium tube for a broad range of industrial applications, offering an outstanding equilibrium of moderate strength and appreciable ductility. It excels in corrosion resistance under both highly oxidizing and mildly reducing conditions, including exposure to chlorides. This tube provides exceptional protection against corrosion in chemical and offshore industries, as well as in aircraft manufacturing where strength and formability are paramount. It is also extensively used in heat exchangers, hypochlorite systems, fire water systems, ballast water systems, various industrial and aerospace components, CPI equipment, and piping systems.
Fabrication
Titanium Grade 2 is highly receptive to cold forming through standard techniques. It can be effectively machined with careful maintenance of sharp tools and liberal coolant application. Similar to machining austenitic stainless steels, the cuts should be deep and continuous with slow feed rates and speeds for optimal results.
Stock Availability
Daxun Alloys maintains a robust inventory of CP 2 Grade Titanium Seamless and Welded Pipes in a wide array of sizes to meet diverse project requirements.
Weight Reduction
CP 2 grade titanium tubes boast a low density and an impressive strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal for applications demanding weight reduction without compromising on strength. These tubes are easily cold formable, exhibit excellent ductility, and can be welded using conventional TIG and MIG processes. However, it is essential to use inert gas shielding to prevent embrittlement in the weld zone.
Crystal Structure
At ambient temperature, ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium exhibits an alpha (hexagonal close-packed) crystal structure, akin to commercially pure titanium grades 1 and 3. Upon reaching approximately 885°C (1625°F), it transitions to a beta (body-centered cubic) structure. The transformation temperature can vary based on the type and concentration of impurities or alloying elements. These additions also delineate the single equilibrium transformation temperature into two distinct zones: the alpha transformation zone (below which the alloy is all alpha) and the beta transformation zone (above which the alloy is all beta). Between these temperatures, both alpha and beta phases coexist. Typical transformation temperatures for Grade 2 titanium are 890°C (1635°F) for alpha and 913°C (1675°F) for beta.
Grade 2 Titanium Seamless Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium seamless tubes are expertly crafted from hollow blanks using a hot extrusion process or oblique rolling and piercing methods, followed by successive cold rolling processes. Throughout the manufacturing stages, the seamless tubes maintain continuous perimeters. The comprehensive manufacturing process includes: sponge titanium vacuum arc melting, ingot blanking to obtain hollow blanks, cleaning, cutting and feeding, hot extrusion or oblique rolling and piercing, degreasing, drying, cutting, online annealing, straightening, pickling, multiple cold rolling, degreasing, drying, vacuum annealing, straightening, cutting, pickling, final inspection, marking (DAXUN), and packaging.
Grade 2 Titanium Welded Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium welded pipes are produced from annealed flat-rolled steel plates or steel strips via an automatic arc welding (TIG) process. Key production steps include: titanium plate uncoiling, shearing, butt welding, cleaning, pipe forming, TIG welding, eddy current testing, pre-sizing, annealing, precision reducing and sizing, straightening, eddy current testing, caliper marking, cutting, ultrasonic testing, hydrostatic testing, final inspection, and packaging. Each welded pipe is subjected to at least one stress relief heat treatment after forming and welding. Daxun ensures no filler materials are used during the welding process.
Grade 2 Titanium Tube (UNS R50400 / Werkstoff WS 3.7034) This highly sought-after ASTM B338 Gr2 Titanium Tube seamlessly balances moderate strength with exceptional ductility, making it a staple in industrial applications. Its outstanding corrosion resistance thrives in both highly oxidizing and mildly reducing environments, including chloride-rich conditions. This makes it indispensable across various sectors such as chemical processing, offshore installations, aircraft manufacturing, and heat exchangers. It offers unparalleled protection and reliability in hypochlorite systems, fire water systems, ballast water systems, and CPI equipment, ensuring robust performance where strength and formability are crucial.
Fabrication
Titanium Grade 2 excels in cold forming with standard techniques, promising smooth machinability while necessitating sharp tools and generous coolant usage. Similar to machining austenitic stainless steels, it requires deep, continuous cuts with controlled feeds and speeds to maintain precision and quality.
Stock Availability
Daxun Alloys offers an extensive stock of CP 2 Grade Titanium Seamless and Welded Pipes, catering to diverse size requirements.
Weight Reduction
CP 2 grade titanium tubes stand out for their low density and high strength-to-weight ratio, ideal for weight-sensitive applications without compromising strength. They boast excellent cold formability, good ductility, and can be welded with conventional TIG and MIG processes, though inert gas shielding is critical to prevent weld zone embrittlement.
Crystal Structure
At ambient temperature, ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium tube exhibits an alpha (hexagonal close-packed) crystal structure, akin to commercially pure titanium grades 1 and 3. This structure transforms to a beta (body-centered cubic) configuration at approximately 885°C (1625°F). Adjustments in transformation temperature are possible through varying impurity or alloying element concentrations. These additions split the equilibrium transformation temperature into two distinct zones: the alpha transformation zone (entirely alpha below this temperature) and the beta transformation zone (entirely beta above this temperature). Between these zones exist both alpha and beta structures. Typical transformation temperatures for Grade 2 titanium are 890°C (1635°F) for alpha and 913°C (1675°F) for beta.
Grade 2 Titanium Seamless Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium seamless tubes are meticulously crafted from hollow blanks via hot extrusion or oblique rolling and piercing processes, followed by subsequent cold rolling. Ensuring continuous perimeters at all production stages, the seamless tube manufacturing includes: sponge titanium vacuum arc melting, blanking to obtain hollow blanks, cleaning, cutting, feeding, hot extrusion or oblique rolling + piercing, degreasing, drying, cutting, online annealing, straightening, pickling, multiple cold rolling, degreasing, drying, vacuum annealing, straightening, cutting, pickling, final inspection, marking (DAXUN), and packaging.
Grade 2 Titanium Welded Pipe Manufacturing Process
Daxun's ASTM B338 Grade 2 titanium welded pipes are crafted from annealed flat-rolled steel plates or strips using an automatic arc welding (TIG) process. Key production stages involve: titanium plate uncoiling, shearing, butt welding, cleaning, pipe forming, TIG welding, eddy current testing, pre-sizing, annealing, precision reducing and sizing, straightening, eddy current testing, caliper marking, cutting, ultrasonic testing, hydrostatic testing, final inspection, and packaging. Post-forming and welding, welded pipes undergo at least one stress relief heat treatment, and Daxun ensures no filler materials are used in the welding process.
Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Pipe- Grade 5 Titanium TubeTitanium Alloy - (UNS R56400)
Introduction
The DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, Grade 5 (UNS R56400), stands as the most sought-after titanium alloy. This duplex alpha+beta titanium alloy employs aluminum as the alpha stabilizer and vanadium as the beta stabilizer, ensuring exceptional strength even at low temperatures, approximately 800°F (427°C). ATI Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5 alloy is ideal for annealing, solution treating, and aging applications. It's commonly used in manufacturing compressor blades, disks, and rings for jet engines; critical fuselage and space capsule components; pressure vessels; *** cases; helicopter rotor hubs; fasteners; and high-strength-to-weight ratio forgings.
Initially, the alloy undergoes meticulous melting processes such as vacuum arc (VAR), electron beam (EB), or plasma arc hearth melting (PAM). Subsequent remelting is carried out through one or two additional vacuum arc steps, refining its quality.
Specifications
• ASTM B338 - Standard Heat Treatable Titanium Tube
• AMS 4928 - Forgings and Forging Stock (Annealed)
• AMS 4965 - Forgings (Solution Treated and Aged)
• AMS 4967 - Forgings (Annealed, Heat Treatable)
Physical PropertiesFor the Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, the melting range stands impressively between 2,800-3,000°F (1,538 - 1,649°C).
Density is precisely measured at 0.160 lb/in3 (4.47 g/cm3), ensuring optimal performance.
The Beta Transus Temperature is marked at 1830°F (± 25°) or 999°C (± 14°), emphasizing its versatility.
Heat Treatment When high hardness, tensile strength, and fatigue strength are essential, annealing is conducted at 1,700-1,900°F (927-1,038°C).
The DAXUN 6-4 Grade 5 Titanium Tube offers diverse heat treatment methods to meet various needs.
1. **Annealing:** Carried out at 1,275-1,400°F (691-760°C) for ½ to 2 hours, followed by air or furnace cooling.
2. **Stress Relief Annealing:** Conducted at 1,000-1,200°F (538-649°C) for 1 to 8 hours, followed by air or furnace cooling.
3. **Solution Heat Treating:** Performed at 1,675-1,750°F (913-954°C) for 1 hour, followed by a water quench.
4. **Aging:** Executed at 975-1,025°F (524-552°C) for 4 to 8 hours, with air cooling.
Optimum Properties Small cross-sections achieve rapid quenching in the solution-treated and aged condition. Larger sections or delayed quenching may yield less optimal properties.
HardnessTypically, in the annealed state, the hardness ranges around Rockwell C 30-34, while the solution-treated and aged condition reaches approximately Rockwell C 35-39.
Forgeability/Formability The DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, Grade 5 Titanium Tube, is optimally forged at 1,750°F (954°C) with a final forging temperature of 1,450°F (788°C). To achieve best results, a minimum reduction of 35% is highly recommended.
Forming the DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, Grade 5 Titanium Tube, at room temperature, even in the annealed state, presents challenges. Hence, severe forming operations such as bending or stretching are best performed on annealed material at temperatures up to 1,200°F (649°C) without compromising mechanical properties. Creep forming is suitable for hot sizing or forming at temperatures between 1,000 and 1,200°F (538 to 649°C).
Machinability The DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, also known as Grade 5 Titanium Tube, exhibits excellent machinability. It can be processed using standard machining techniques for austenitic stainless steels, provided that certain conditions are adhered to. This includes maintaining slow speeds, ensuring high feeds, using well-rigidized tools, and applying generous quantities of non-chlorinated cutting fluids.
Weldability The DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, classified as Grade 5 Titanium Tube, offers exceptional weldability. It can be easily welded in its annealed or solution and partially aged states. Special attention to aging during post-weld heat treatment is crucial.
For optimal results, precautions must be taken to prevent contamination from oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen during the welding process. Fusion welding is best performed within an inert gas-filled chamber or with an inert gas tail shield to protect the molten metal and adjacent hot zones. Furthermore, spot welding, seam welding, and flash welding can be carried out effectively without the need for a protective atmosphere.
Special Considerations It is important to note that the DAXUN Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Tube, or Grade 5 Titanium Tube, can be susceptible to contamination by hydrogen due to improper pickling, as well as the absorption of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon during manufacturing processes like forging, heat treating, and brazing. Such contamination can adversely affect ductility and compromise notch sensitivity and formability.
